Section 5: Introduction to the Atom
Section 5A: History of the Atom
Democritus, Aristotle, Phlogiston, Lavoisier, Dalton, Atomic Theory, JJ Thomson, Radiation, Subatomic Particles, Atomic Symbols, Isotopes
The early history of the atom encompasses several different people and includes several different locations. It begins with a philosopher name Democritus from ancient Greece. Did you ever wonder where the word "atom" came from? Aristotle was a great philosopher, but led the world astray with his description of matter. Where did we get the idea of 4 elements (earth, water, air, fire)? Antoine Lavoisier (Father of Modern Chemistry) disproved the idea of phlogiston (do we know what that is?). Dalton finally saw the light and proposed his Atomic Theory. After many years of study man was finally able to describe how an atom is laid out, especially through the work of JJ Thomson and Ernest Rutherford. |
Person and Place
Democritus Abdera, Greece Aristotle Stageira, Chalcidice Antoine Lavoisier Paris, France John Dalton Eaglesfield, England JJ Thomson Trinity College Ernest Rutherford Brightwater, NZ |
Contribution to our idea of the atom
Coined the term "atom" Contradicted Aristotle's idea on what matter is made of Responsible for the assertion that everything is made of a proportion of the four basic elements (fire, water, earth, air) Considered the Father of Modern Chemistry Performed several experiments that disproved the theory of phlogiston Through the study of different data obtained at the time, determined that all matter is created of small indivisible particles we call atoms. Developed the Atomic Theory Using a cathode ray tube discovered the electron. Famous for his gold foil experiment. Discovered the nucleus |
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Section 5B: The Periodic Table
Mendeleev, Newlands, Periods, Groups, HOF BrINCl, Classifications, Valence Electrons
The Periodic Table of the Elements is the greatest tool that chemistry has to offer. It is an organization of all the elements we know of, as well as those that have been created by man. There is an elegance to the periodic table and a reason it has the shape it does. One of the reasons is simply aesthetics, it looks good. Some questions that you may think of are: Why does the table have this shape? What do each of the numbers in the boxes mean? Where did the names of the elements come from? Why are different elements different colors? We will answer all of these questions throughout this section. There are several links below for some interesting periodic tables on the internet.
Photographic Periodic Table
Dynamic Periodic Table
The Periodic Table of the Elements is the greatest tool that chemistry has to offer. It is an organization of all the elements we know of, as well as those that have been created by man. There is an elegance to the periodic table and a reason it has the shape it does. One of the reasons is simply aesthetics, it looks good. Some questions that you may think of are: Why does the table have this shape? What do each of the numbers in the boxes mean? Where did the names of the elements come from? Why are different elements different colors? We will answer all of these questions throughout this section. There are several links below for some interesting periodic tables on the internet.
Photographic Periodic Table
Dynamic Periodic Table
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Practice
Section 5C: Ions
Definition, Octet Rule, Formation, Cation, Anion, Periodic Trend for Ions, Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity, Atomic Radius
Many of the compounds that you use today will involved different types of ions. Ions are utilized especially in the food business, both as flavor additives and preservatives. Ions can be both metals and nonmetals, but each behave in different fashions. Ion formation also occurs during battery use, electrons are transferred from one element to another, creating ions.
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