Section 9: Covalent Compounds (Molecules)
Section 9A: Covalent Bond
Definition, Single Bond, Double Bond, Triple Bond, Molecules, Bond Length, Electronegativity, Bond Polarity, Bond Enthalpy
An ionic bond incorporates a metal and a nonmetal. A covalent bond is an attractive force between a nonmetal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds come in varying strength, but what does that strength depend on? Atoms are able to make single, double, and triple bonds with one another, but what is the difference between these types? How are electrons involved in these types of bonds? How do bonds change depending on the type of atoms that are being held together? Many covalent bonds vary in length, what determines this and how does bond length affect the bond itself?
An ionic bond incorporates a metal and a nonmetal. A covalent bond is an attractive force between a nonmetal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds come in varying strength, but what does that strength depend on? Atoms are able to make single, double, and triple bonds with one another, but what is the difference between these types? How are electrons involved in these types of bonds? How do bonds change depending on the type of atoms that are being held together? Many covalent bonds vary in length, what determines this and how does bond length affect the bond itself?
Section 9B: Naming Molecules
Naming System, Prefixes, Naming Molecules, Naming Acids, Naming Simple Organic Molecules
With so many different types of molecules there is a specific naming system that is used to describe what and how many atoms are in a molecule. The first section will go over molecules that contain only two types of atoms. Then there will be a discussion of mineral acids and finally simple organic molecules. What types of compounds are considered "organic"? Organic compounds use a different naming system than that of molecules containing two types of atoms.
With so many different types of molecules there is a specific naming system that is used to describe what and how many atoms are in a molecule. The first section will go over molecules that contain only two types of atoms. Then there will be a discussion of mineral acids and finally simple organic molecules. What types of compounds are considered "organic"? Organic compounds use a different naming system than that of molecules containing two types of atoms.
Section 9C: Lewis Structure
Octet Rule, Drawing, Formal Charges, Resonance, Exceptions to the Octet Rule
In order to discuss molecules and their properties, there needs to be a system in place that shows how atoms are bonded together. The way atoms are bound can determine what will dissolve in them or what substances a molecule can dissolve. The drawing system is named Lewis Structures. The structure of the atom has been looked at but we need to be able to see how atoms are arranged in space. Groups of atoms have different ways that they can be drawn. For some molecules there are different ways electrons can be arranged but still adhere to the octet rule. There are several exceptions to the octet rule that must be talked about because of the role that these types of molecules play in everyday life.
In order to discuss molecules and their properties, there needs to be a system in place that shows how atoms are bonded together. The way atoms are bound can determine what will dissolve in them or what substances a molecule can dissolve. The drawing system is named Lewis Structures. The structure of the atom has been looked at but we need to be able to see how atoms are arranged in space. Groups of atoms have different ways that they can be drawn. For some molecules there are different ways electrons can be arranged but still adhere to the octet rule. There are several exceptions to the octet rule that must be talked about because of the role that these types of molecules play in everyday life.
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